It has never been more challenging to be a board member in a condominium or homeowners association than it is at this time. Association board members in this voluntary position are being interacted by Association Members everywhere they go. In the hallway, at the pool, in the elevator, and everywhere else in the community, they’re being asked board questions and association questions by unit owners - possibly whom they’ve never even met. Aside from the usual worrying about maintenance, assessments and other items, we are now dealing with a pandemic as well - a pandemic that has created a plethora of new issues that we weren’t necessarily expecting. Covid-19 has created a situation where owners are spending more time in their homes, which means more time reviewing their property and its structure. Furthermore, homeowners’ association meetings are now often conducted on Zoom. Therefore, people who otherwise may have rarely shown up and been involved are regularly dropping in live from the comfort of their living room. As an Association attorney, I have clients come to me because newly interested owners are challenging them and their board members. They're challenging the appearance of their community. They're challenging the assessments they're paying, and they're challenging their rights, which sometimes have to be taken away for health, safety and welfare purposes. How do board members overcome or live with these challenges? As Association board members, you have to understand now more than ever, that you are board members when you interact at a meeting with other board members. When you’re walking around the halls or when you are at the pool, you are not a board member. You are not conducting board business, therefore you don't have an obligation to respond to these questions. However, I know that is not a great answer, because unit owners expect answers. So,one of the things I instruct our board members to do is to tell any and all unit owners, “That’s a very important concern, please put it in writing, submit it to our property manager, and we'll take it up at the next board meeting.” That...

Hiring an attorney isn’t really something that most people think about, until they suddenly need one. That means the majority people don’t really know what to look for when they do have to find an experienced attorney in South Florida. If you find yourself searching for one of the best lawyers in West Palm Beach and beyond, here are 5 things you may want to keep in mind: 1) One of the first questions you may have is where to find a great attorney in South Florida. With all the TV ads, billboards and website banners, it can seem overwhelming know where to start and whom to trust. That’s why I suggest to start by asking your friends, family, and colleagues. See if they know or can refer you to someone they have had a positive interaction with. Now you may think, “But I don’t want them to know my personal business.” We understand. Maybe you’ve met an attorney and have their business card tucked away somewhere. Dust off that business card and give them a call. If they can't help you, ask them to refer you to someone who can. 2) The next thing you may be wondering is if your needs will be better served by a big firm or a small firm. Here at Sachs Sax Caplan, we have over 30 attorneys and 32 support staff, offering you all the resources of a big firm while also being able to give you and your case the personal attention that comes with a boutique firm, which we consider as the best kind of firm to solve all legal of your needs. 3) Now that you’ve found some attorneys with whom you are interested in meeting, the next step is to schedule a time to determine who is the right fit for you and your needs. Think of this meeting as somewhat of an interview and, as you would for any interview, do your due diligence beforehand. Check out their websites and read about their firms’ previous cases to help you get a sense of who they are and how...

We at Sachs Sax Caplan want to welcome back all of the out-of-town residents who are now coming back down to South Florida after a summer respite elsewhere in the country. As Community Association attorneys, we would like to give you some brief pointers of things we recommend you do upon returning to the Tri County area.  Start by checking your utilities to ensure they are all turned back on. Check for leaks by flushing all toilets and examining all doors and windows in your home. If you do detect any water leakage in those areas, communicate the problem to your association board and your property manager as soon as possible so they can be remediated expeditiously.  Hopefully you won’t find any problems, however, whether you do or do not have any situation to report, you should contact your property manager or board of directors to inquire about what the board has done since the last time you've left. If you've not had electronic communication with them, you're going to want to ask specifically if there have been any special assessments passed or if there any special assessments planned. Determine whether there have been any large maintenance projects completed or in progress or if there are any plans for upcoming work. Projects like this may affect day-to-day operations in the community, and, of course, you will also want to know how any work done will impact the pocketbook that you have with your association.  You should also be aware of the recent legislation passed in the state in response to the Surfside tragedy that involves stricter building safety requirements. One aspect of SB 4-D involves the funding of reserves for the continued maintenance and repair of condominium and co-op buildings three stories or larger that is now required to be in the budget.  Historically, it is unlikely that your association has already prepared or adequately funded their reserves, and these large-scale projects are likely going to result in a special assessment. The sooner your association can plan and prepare, the less of an impact it will have on each owner.  In...

Benjamin Franklin famously said back in 1736 that “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Mr. Franklin’s saying was most certainly not meant to apply to Florida property owners associations as Florida was not even a state at the time but his advice can be seen as applicable to community associations insofar as service contracts are concerned because it is easier to prevent large costs and legal exposure to an association by sound contract language crafted or approved by an attorney at the start of a relationship with a vendor than to repair the damage that a poorly worded agreement that was simply signed on an association’s behalf without legal review has created. What do I mean by service contract? An important function of an association is to oversee essential services that vendors provide for the community such as landscaping, pest control, asphalt paving, and security. These services require written contracts which should include important terms that protect the association, particularly in the event that the vendor does not perform its side of the bargain or causes damage to a person or property. Why is the assistance of an attorney important in the review of service contracts? Perhaps most significantly, contract disputes can be expensive and time-consuming. And, such disputes are not always incorporated into the association’s annual budget which could put a lot of financial strain on the association and lead to unpopular special assessments. Also, the association can be stuck with a vendor that is doing a poor job. Some examples of where an attorney’s advice is important include making sure the vendor is contractually obligated to provide sufficient insurance and that there are well worded indemnification provisions. There are some nuances in Florida law regarding indemnity and all too often it seems that contracts created by vendors are one-sided and do not protect the association in the event for example that a third party is injured as a result of the vendor’s services. Also, contracts created by the vendor may be unclear or unfavorable to the association regarding the vendor’s responsibilities, the timeframe by which...

Rent is typically a business's second largest expense following wages and a lease is often a five to ten year term. Therefore, your lease is probably one of the most significant contracts that you as a business owner will enter into. And it's probably one of the most costly ones, too. That’s why it's important to understand some of the mechanics of your commercial lease.  Commercial leases are often negotiated, and a reasonable landlord will consider modifications that benefit the tenant.  As a Florida Bar Board Certified Real Estate Attorney, with significant experience in commercial leasing, following are some considerations that I recommend people think about before signing a lease: Exit Strategy: What is your exit strategy? Can you terminate the lease early? And if so, under what circumstances?  Can you assign or sublease? The permitted use allowed in the lease is a function of what you can or can't do with respect to your exit strategy. Timing: What is the timing of the landlord or tenant construction/improvements? Responsibility: Who's paying for construction/improvements? How and when is the landlord dispersing any tenant improvement allowance? Code Changes: Who is responsible for required improvements to the property due to code changes? For instance, several years ago, the ADA changed, and every commercial space had to be modified, therefore you need to know who's responsible for paying and making those changes? CAM Expenses: How are operating expenses, often referred to as CAM (common area maintenance), determined? What's included and excluded in the component of CAM? What are your audit rights as a tenant to review and audit the way the landlord has assessed CAM?Future Alterations: What are your rights to make alterations and improvements to the property after the lease commences? This is particularly important for leases with longer terms and renewal options. Parking: An issue that I find a lot of tenants asked me about is parking and signage. To what extent do you have reserved parking and does any other tenant in the building have reserved parking? Signage: What are your signage rights and who's paying for your signage? Personal Guaranty: Is the lease personally guaranteed, and if so,...

The National Council of Legislators from Gaming States (NCLGS) held its Summer Meeting at the Westin Copley Place in Boston, Massachusetts in early July 2022. Steven Geller, who is the NCLGS’s General Counsel, was a panelist on the topic of Sports Betting at the conference. The conversation centered around the Wire Act of 1961, which banned gambling across state lines. Prior to 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice stated that the Wire Act applied to all types of gambling.   In 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice reversed their prior opinion, and stated that the Wire Act only applied to sports betting. In 2018, the same body reversed the reversal, and again declared that the Wire Act applied to any form of gambling. In 2020, a federal judge ruled that the more limited 2011 interpretation was correct.  In 2021 The 1st Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with the Federal Judge’s ruling that the Wire Act only applied to Sports betting.  However, the U.S. Department of Justice has not changed their interpretation that the Wire Act applies to all types of gambling. These confusing rulings and reversals of the Act were debated by the panel during the session, and, most importantly, how the Wire Act applies to Sports Betting. “In my belief, the current state of sports betting is based more on what people want the law to be, instead of what the law actually is,” said Geller.  “I believe all of these attempts at wireless sports betting seem to violate the Wire Act,” Geller said. “I think [sports betting] should be limited to in-person. Now, do I think Congress should change the law? Absolutely. But until they do, I think we are bound by [the Wire Act].”  Geller said that consideration of limiting sports betting to brick-and-mortar sites might best be looked at for lawmakers in the sense of job creation — with online gambling employing far fewer local residents. “That is one of the fundamental reasons that people justify [legalization of] gambling,” Geller said. When the conversation turned to the possibility of a group of states forming a collective in an...

Mandatory Mediation in Condominium Disputes By Michael Chapnick, Community Association Law - Principal   Today, I'd like to talk about an issue that comes up in condominium associations… Covenant Enforcement. Since 1992, anything that qualified as a dispute under Section 718.1255 of the Florida Condominium Act, Chapter 718, was required to go through mandatory non-binding arbitration through the Department of Business and Professional Regulation. I've always found the arbitration program to be a great program, however, a couple years ago, at the legislative level, they decided to allow condominium associations to utilize a procedure that’s been used in homeowners associations for a number of years. That procedure is set out in Section 720.311 of the Florida Statutes and provides for a mandatory mediation of disputes as a prerequisite to filing a lawsuit. Therefore, rather than going through arbitration, and submitting your petition for arbitration, having the arbitrator review it for jurisdiction, determining that they have jurisdiction, then sending out an order requiring the respondent to file an answer, then going through evidentiary hearings and other things – an association has the option of filing a demand that the violating party participate in mandatory mediation. When you send out a demand for mandatory mediation, the responding party has 20 days to respond to that letter to let you know that either they agree to participate in the mediation, refuse to participate in mediation, or, they may ignore you completely. If they agree to participate, you’ll go to mediation where you sit down with a neutral mediator. The mediator is going to help facilitate a resolution. Their job is to reduce expectations on all sides, so if nobody leaves happy, but everybody leaves with a result that they can live with, that's a successful mediation. If the issue isn’t resolved through mediation, you end in what's called an impasse. Then you're free to file a lawsuit. To do this, you can go to County Court/Circuit Court (depending on the circumstances) and explain the issue to a judge, where you’ll go through the whole litigation process, and then a judge will make a decision...

In the Commercial Litigation and Appeals practice area, it is important to stay on top of new developments in the law and procedure, including changes to Florida Statutes, rules of procedure and new appellate court case law. This includes routinely reviewing new appellate opinions. I would like to discuss a couple of recent decisions that impact both litigation and appeals.  Generally, each party is responsible for their own attorney’s fees in litigation unless a statute or contract applies. Florida Statute § 768.79 creates a substantive right to attorney’s fees relating to a proposal for settlement or “PFS.” The purpose of a PFS is to encourage settlements and to act as a penalty against a party who rejects a reasonable settlement offer.  That statute is implemented by rule 1.442, which governs the form of such proposals. If a defendant serves a PFS, which is not accepted by the plaintiff within 30 days, the defendant shall be entitled to recover reasonable costs and attorney’s fees incurred by the defendant from the date of filing the offer, if the judgment is of no liability, or the judgment obtained by the plaintiff is at least 25% less than the amount offered in the PFS, and the court shall set off such costs and attorney’s fees against the award.  On the other hand, if a plaintiff serves a PFS which is not accepted by the defendant within 30 days, and the plaintiff recovers a judgment in an amount at least 25% greater than the offer, the plaintiff will be entitled to recover reasonable costs and attorney’s fees incurred from the date of serving the PFS.  As per the rule, a PFS must be in writing and must include a number of items. Currently, under the rule, a party serving a PFS must state the particularity of any relevant conditions, and to state the particularity of all non-monetary terms of the proposal. But recently, the Florida Supreme Court made an important change to the rule governing PFS. Effective July 1, 2022, this rule will no longer include the requirement that a PFS must state with particularity any...

Friend of Sachs Sax Caplan, Ben Ferencz, was the Chief Prosecutor in the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, which held the Nazis accountable for the Holocaust, and is the last living prosecutor of the trials. About Benjamin Ferencz A Former Prosecutor at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial Benjamin B. Ferencz was born in the Carpathian Mountains of Transylvania in 1920. When he was ten months old his family moved to America. His earliest memories are of his small basement apartment in a Manhattan district - appropriately referred to as "Hell's Kitchen." Even at an early age, he felt a deep yearning for universal friendship and world peace. A World War After Ben graduated from Harvard Law School in 1943, he joined an anti-aircraft artillery battalion preparing for the invasion of France. As an enlisted man under General Patton, he fought in most of the major campaigns in Europe. As Nazi atrocities were uncovered, he was transferred to a newly created War Crimes Branch of the Army to gather evidence of Nazi brutality and apprehend the criminals. In his 1988 book, Planethood, Ferencz writes: “Indelibly seared into my memory are the scenes I witnessed while liberating these centers of death and destruction. Camps like Buchenwald, Mauthausen, and Dachau are vividly imprinted in my mind's eye. Even today, when I close my eyes, I witness a deadly vision I can never forget-the crematoria aglow with the fire of burning flesh, the mounds of emaciated corpses stacked like cordwood waiting to be burned.... I had peered into Hell.” A Post-War Mission On the day after Christmas 1945, Ferencz was honorably discharged from the U.S. Army with the rank of Sergeant of Infantry. He returned to New York and prepared to practice law. Shortly thereafter, he was recruited for the Nuremberg war crimes trials. The International Military Tribunal prosecution against German Field Marshal, Herman Goering and other leading Nazis was already in progress under the leadership the American Prosecutor, Robert M. Jackson on leave from the US Supreme Court. The U.S. had decided to prosecute a broad cross section of Nazi criminals once the trial against...

Shred It & Forget It:The Story Behind the New Program That Helps Put Individuals with Disabilities Back to Work   When Sachs Sax Caplan decided to go digital in mid 2021, we knew we would first need to safely dispose of all print materials. The safest way to do so?Shredding. Lots of it. Peter Sachs, attorney and founding partner at Sachs Sax Caplan, also knew about the growing need for employment for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JARC Florida, a non-profit in Boca Raton that provides residential homes as well as programs and services to educate and empower adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities provided us just the assistance we needed. Sachs presented the idea to JARC Florida: How about we create a shredding department within the Community Works program at JARC. JARC’s Community Works program, which has been around for over six years, provides vocational training opportunities for its clients so they can learn skills, receive paychecks and feel prideful about having a job. Many of those clients then go out into the community to find employment locally.  After a trial period in the Fall, where JARC clients learned how to properly shred paper documents, including removing staples, stacking and pushing through the shredding machine – avoiding back-ups, JARC Florida was ready to launch this new service to the masses. Their first client? Sachs Sax Caplan law firm of course.  Now the “Shred it and Forget It” Service is available at JARC. To date, JARC has shredded more than 4,000 lbs. of documents. How can you get involved? Drop your documents off at JARC for confidential shredding services at 75 cents per pound. JARC is also seeking out more businesses to join the organization’s Community Works Program. 

The Daily Business Review has announced its 2022 Legal Awards Honorees and Sachs Sax Caplan Partner Daniel A. Kaskel was among those who received the prestigious award. The Daily Business Review hosts their annual Professional Excellence Awards to recognize distinguished members of the Florida legal community in assorted areas of the law. Mr. Kaskel is being recognized in the Real Estate Transactions Category. Daniel Kaskel is the Chair of the firm’s Real Estate, Corporate, Land Use & Financial Services Group and a member of the Community Associations Practice Group. Mr. Kaskel is among Florida’s handful of double Board Certified attorneys by the Florida Bar, holding certifications in Real Estate Law and Condominium & Planned Development Law. Dan Kaskel practices in the areas of real estate acquisition and development, real estate financing, condominium and homeowner association formation and operation, real estate and commercial lending, retail and office leasing, zoning issues and title insurance matters. He has represented real estate developers and investors in virtually all phases of project financing and development throughout the United States, including bulk acquisition of condominium units, management of distressed properties, development/acquisition/ financing of mixed used communities, shopping centers, residential high rise projects, office parks, assisted living facilities, single family home communities, multi-tiered condominium and townhome communities. He has assisted clients in creating planned unit developments, master property owners associations, and community development districts. He has also represented clients in the structuring and formation of corporate entities and joint venture arrangements. Mr. Kaskel has significant experience in representing borrowers and lenders in connection with commercial loan transactions, including loan work-outs and restructuring. Loans have including construction financing, acquisition and development loans, bridge financing, permanent financing and mezzanine financing. Additionally, he has represented regional and national landlords and tenants in drafting, negotiating and modifying commercial leases throughout the United States. Mr. Kaskel frequently represents out-of-state and foreign purchasers and borrowers in connection with Florida transactions and title insurance matters. Mr. Kaskel has represented national telecommunication carriers, property owners and municipalities in connection with drafting and negotiating telecommunications leases and counseling on zoning matters relating to telecommunication uses. Previously, Mr....

As a Community Association attorney, one of the unintended benefits that we've seen through COVID is the ability for people to participate in their community associations remotely. Typically, one of the impediments that community associations have historically faced is apathy. There are always those folks who don't show up, therefore you can't get anything done simply due to a lack of participation. However, through COVID, once everything went remote, including association operations, people started to participate more, which allowed for the opportunity for associations to start proposing a number of important things that could realistically get passed. One of the mechanisms we've seen an uptick in is the use electronic voting resolutions to allow people to participate and vote in an electronic fashion. Again, this removes some of the apathy because there's no longer the need to show up at a meeting at a certain time to cast a vote. People can do it at their leisure in advance. Overall, as community association lawyers, we've found that participation as a whole through COVID, and now turning the corner post COVID, has seen a significant uptick and is finally allowing associations to actually get meaningful work done that before this, they just simply were unable to do. Having Trouble Engaging Homeowners in Your Community Association? Check out these helpful tips from community association management giant, GrandManors:   1. Welcome New Homeowners. A welcome package from the community association should include a letter of welcome that you or another HOA board member has signed, information about how they can get involved in the HOA, and a small gift. The gift should have a connection to your community, such as a gift card to a nearby coffee shop, a refrigerator magnet with key community information, or a coffee mug with the HOA logo.   2. Organize Social Events. Consistently, studies have shown most Americans don't know their neighbors. Your homeowners have more motivation to get involved if they're at least acquainted with their neighbors. Your association can foster social connections by hosting at least one community-wide social event each year. Some associations throw a holiday party or a summer picnic....

As community association attorneys, one of the problems we face quite often with our association clients is how to prevent violations of the governing documents and rules of the communities. How do we prevent the homeowner from painting their house pink? How do we prevent people from hanging towels outside on the common element rails and doing other things that really are violations of the rules and regulations and the governing documents? And what a lot of board members and managers don't realize is that associations are sort of mini-democracies. What does that mean, exactly? There's a certain level of “due process” that associations must follow if they're going to fine somebody or if they're going to suspend somebody’s right to use the pool, or their right to use the tennis court. And one of the things that's common among both the Condominium Act and the Homeowners Association Act, is the fact that an association must establish a committee of non-board member owners who will hear complaints that the board has imposed regarding violations of the governing documents. This group serves as an independent body that decides whether they're going to uphold or approve the board's actions and decisions in relation to imposing fines and suspensions. Furthermore, both Acts require that the owner who was in violation and subject to a board-levied fine or suspension be provided with at least 14 days’ notice as well as the opportunity to be heard before this committee to present their case. This gives the person in violation a chance to present their opinion and present their evidence of why they think that the fine and the suspension should not be imposed. Only then, when it's all said and done, can the committee ultimately decide whether to approve or reject the fine or suspension. What we often face as association lawyers are situations where perhaps that procedure wasn't followed, where a board or managers just decided that this person violated the governing documents, and the violating party all of a sudden has a $1,000 fine on their account. When they come to us to try...